Gasi wamankhwala amatanthauza mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala.Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kuchiza;zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anesthesia;zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zida zachipatala ndi zida;zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera zamankhwala ndi mabakiteriya ndi chikhalidwe cha mwana wosabadwayo.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa.
Chikhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wamankhwala:
1. Oxygen (Oxygen) The molecular formula of oxygen ndi O2.Ndi oxidizer wamphamvu komanso chowonjezera moto.Pamene mafuta ochulukirapo akukumana ndi okosijeni, amakhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni amphamvu, amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, ngakhale kutentha ndi kuphulika.Chifukwa chake, adalembedwa ngati chinthu chowopsa chamoto cha Gulu B mu "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings".
Komabe, okosijeni ndiwonso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti moyo ukhalebe ndi moyo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachipatala kuti athandizire odwala omwe ali ndi hypoxia.Kukoka molunjika kwa okosijeni woyenga kwambiri kumakhala kovulaza thupi la munthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kwa nthawi yayitali sikudutsa 30-40%.Odwala wamba amakoka mpweya kudzera m'mabotolo onyezimira;odwala kwambiri amakoka mpweya kudzera m'malo opumira.Oxygen imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zipinda zopatsirana kwambiri pochiza matenda odumphira m'madzi, poyizoni wa mpweya, komanso kupangira mankhwala.
Maselo a nitrous oxide ndi N2O.Ndi gasi wopanda mtundu, wonunkhira bwino komanso wonunkhira bwino.Pambuyo pokoka mpweya pang'ono, minofu ya kumaso imanjenjemera ndipo mawu akuseka amawonekera, motero amadziwika kuti gasi woseka (kuseka-gasi).
Nitrous oxide sichigwira ntchito komanso sichiwononga kutentha;komabe, idzakhala oxidize aluminiyamu, chitsulo, aloyi yamkuwa ndi zitsulo zina zikatenthedwa;idzawononga polypropylene pamwamba pa 60 ° C.
Nitrous oxide imawola kukhala nayitrogeni ndi okosijeni kutentha kupitilira 650 ℃, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu yothandizira kuyaka.Pa kutentha kwakukulu, kupanikizika pamwamba pa 15 atmospheres kumapangitsa kuti mafuta awotche.
Mpweya woseketsa umasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, umasungunuka mosavuta mu acetone, methanol ndi ethanol, ndipo ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndikumwedwa ndi njira za alkaline monga high-chlorine bleaching powder ndi soda phulusa.
Pambuyo pokoka pang'ono nitrous oxide, imakhala ndi anesthesia ndi analgesic effect, koma kupuma kwakukulu kungayambitse kupuma.Zamankhwala, chisakanizo cha nitrous oxide ndi oxygen (kusakaniza chiŵerengero: 65% N2O + 35% O2) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opha ululu, ndipo amapumira kwa wodwalayo kudzera mu njira yotsekedwa kapena mpweya wabwino.Panthawi ya opaleshoni, gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino ndi nitrous oxide otaya mamita kuti muyang'ane kusakaniza kwa awiriwa kuti wodwalayo asapume.Akasiya kupuma, wodwalayo ayenera kupatsidwa mpweya kwa mphindi zoposa 10 kuti apewe hypoxia.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nitrous oxide ngati mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kumakhala ndi ubwino wa nthawi yochepa yochepetsera ululu, zotsatira zabwino za analgesic, kuchira msanga, ndipo palibe zotsatira zoipa pa kupuma, chiwindi ndi impso.Koma ali ndi pang'ono chopinga zotsatira pa myocardium, minofu ulesi si wathunthu, ndipo ambiri opaleshoni ndi ofooka.Nitrous oxide yokha monga mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi yoyenera pa maopaleshoni ang'onoang'ono monga kuchotsa dzino, kubwezeretsa fracture, abscess incision, suture suture, kuchotsa mimba, ndi kubereka kosapweteka.Mu ntchito yaikulu, nthawi zambiri ntchito osakaniza barbiturates, succinylcholine, opiates, cyclopropane, ether, etc. kumapangitsanso zotsatira.
Mpweya woseka umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati firiji, chowunikira chowunikira, chotulutsa thovu la kirimu, choteteza chakudya, chothandizira kuyaka, ndi zina zambiri.
3. Mpweya woipa
Maselo a carbon dioxide ndi CO2, omwe amadziwika kuti carbon dioxide.Ndi gasi wopanda mtundu, wowawasa, komanso wopanda poizoni.Sagwira ntchito kutentha kwa firiji, kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo kusungunuka kwake ndi madzi 0.144g/100g (25 ℃).Pa 20 ° C, mpweya woipa ukhoza kukhala madzi opanda mtundu poukakamiza ku 5.73 × 106 Pa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanikizidwa ndikusungidwa mu silinda.Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala madzi oundana owuma mwa kukakamiza (5.27 × 105Pa) ndi kuzizira (pansi -56.6 ℃).Madzi oundana amatha kusinthidwa kukhala gasi pa 1.013 × 105 Pa (kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga) ndi -78.5 ° C.Pamene mpweya woipa wamadzimadzi umasungunuka mofulumira pansi pa kukanikiza pang'ono, gawo lina la kutentha kwa gasification limapangitsa kuti gawo lina lizimitsidwe kukhala ngati chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chipale chofewa chikhale cholimba ngati ayezi (owuma ayezi).
Malire otetezeka a carbon dioxide mumlengalenga ndi 0.5%.Ngati ipitirira 3%, idzakhudza thupi.Ngati ipitilira 7%, imayambitsa chikomokere.Ngati ipitilira 20%, imatha kufa.
Zachipatala, mpweya woipa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kufukiza pamimba pamimba ndi m'matumbo kwa laparoscopy ndi fiber colonoscopy.Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukulitsa mabakiteriya (mabakiteriya a anaerobic) mu labotale.Mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito mu cryotherapy kuchiza ng'ala ndi matenda a mitsempha.
Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi wosayaka, wosayaka, komanso wolemera kuposa mpweya (kachulukidwe 1.977g/L pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 1.5 nthawi ya mpweya), yomwe imatha kuphimba pamwamba pa zinthu ndikulekanitsa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Kuzimitsa moto, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira kuwotcherera kwa carbon dioxide (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya), etc. Madzi oundana owuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati firiji, kusakaniza kotseketsa, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamvula yokumba.
4. Argon
Njira ya molekyulu ya argon ndi Ar.Ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu, wopanda fungo komanso wopanda poizoni.Ndizosayaka, siziwotcha, ndipo sizigwirizana ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zina, choncho zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza zitsulo ku okosijeni.
The argon mpweya ndi ionized mu argon gasi ayoni pansi zochita za pafupipafupi ndi mkulu kuthamanga.Iyi argon gasi ion ili ndi madulidwe abwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kufalitsa mosalekeza.Mpweya wa argon wokha ukhoza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa bala panthawi ya opaleshoni, ndi kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi carbonization (utsi, eschar) wa minofu yowonongeka.Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pachipatala.
Zida zopangira opaleshoni monga argon mpeni.
Argon amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu kuwotcherera argon shielded, nyali fulorosenti, Integrated dera kupanga, etc.
5. Helium (helium)
Njira ya molekyulu ya helium ndi He.Komanso ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu, wopanda fungo komanso wopanda poizoni.Ndizosayaka, siziwotcha, ndipo sizigwirizana ndi mankhwala ndi zinthu zina, choncho zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza zitsulo ku okosijeni.Zachipatala, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangira opaleshoni monga mipeni ya helium yothamanga kwambiri.
6. Nayitrojeni
Mamolekyulu a nayitrogeni ndi N2.Ndi gasi wopanda mtundu, wopanda fungo, wopanda poizoni, wosayaka.Sichimagwira kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zitsulo wamba.Choncho, nayitrogeni woyera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo odana ndi dzimbiri, monga kudzaza mababu, odana ndi dzimbiri ndi mpweya wodzaza kusungiramo zinthu, kuteteza, kuwotcherera chitetezo, mpweya m'malo, etc. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito synthesize ammonia, kupanga nitric acid. , zophulika, feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa zida zamankhwala ndi zida.
Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni, stomatology, gynecology, ndi ophthalmology pochiza hemangioma, khansa yapakhungu, ziphuphu zakumaso, zotupa, khansa ya m'matumbo, ma polyps osiyanasiyana, ng'ala, glaucoma, ndi insemination.
7. Mpweya woponderezedwa (mpweya)
Mpweya woponderezedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa mphamvu pazida zopangira opaleshoni yapakamwa, zida zamafupa, ma ventilator, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa mipweya 7 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, palinso mipweya yazachipatala yokhala ndi cholinga chapadera:
8. Medical chophukacho
Mpweya wamankhwala wa xenon umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakina a gasi a CT.Mpweya wa xenon umapangitsa ionization mwa kuyamwa mphamvu, ndipo ma ion ake amathamanga m'munda wamagetsi ndikugunda mbale yachitsulo kuti apange X-ray.Chifukwa mayamwidwe ndi kufalikira kwa X-ray ndi minyewa yamunthu ndi yosiyana, imadutsa Pakompyuta imayendetsa deta ya thupi la munthu pambuyo poyatsidwa ndi X-ray, kenako chithunzi cham'mbali kapena chamitundu itatu cha thupi kuti chikhale. anawunikiridwa akhoza kugwidwa.
9. Kryptoni
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zothandizira zokomera gwero la laser m'zipatala kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya gwero loyambirira la laser, kuti akwaniritse matenda olondola komanso chithandizo cha matenda ndi asing'anga.
10. Neon
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa ndikusintha mpweya wa makina opangira opaleshoni a laser omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala.Zofunikira zenizeni zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya opaleshoni ya laser m'chipatala.
11. Gasi wosakanizidwa
▲N2+CO2 kapena CO2+H2
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya a anaerobic m'zipatala, chomwe chimakhala ndi cholinga chokulitsa mabakiteriya ofunikira ndi zakudya, kumathandizira kuzindikira mitundu ya mabakiteriya, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zozindikiritsa mabakiteriya, omwe amathandizira kuti adziwe matenda ndi chithandizo.
▲5-10%CO2/Mpweya
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muubongo wozungulira, cholinga chake ndikulimbikitsa ndikufulumizitsa kupita patsogolo kwa kufalikira kwa magazi muubongo, komanso kusunga kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwaubongo.
▲Medical ternary gasi wosakanikirana
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa chikhalidwe cha maselo ndi chikhalidwe cha embryo.Ndi gasi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo oberekera achipatala ndi mbali zina.
12. Kutsimikiza kwa magazi gasi wothandizira
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza kulekanitsa ndi kukhazikika kwa zigawo za magazi panthawi ya kuyeza kwa magazi, kuti athe kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa chigawo chilichonse, monga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi zina zotero.
13, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa opaleshoni ya m'mapapo kuti awonjezere voliyumu, kuthandizira opaleshoniyo komanso kupewa kuti atrophy ya m'mapapo ikhale yaying'ono.
14. Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuthirira mpweya
15. Excimer laser mpweya
16. Kutulutsa ndi kuchiza gasi wotulutsa ndi zinyalala zamadzimadzi
Kutaya madzi
The zinyalala zamadzimadzi opangidwa mu mankhwala zikuphatikizapo sputum, mafinya ndi magazi, ascites, kutsuka zimbudzi, etc., amene angathe kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi zingalowe suction dongosolo.
Mpweya wotayidwa wa anesthetic
Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mpweya wotulutsa wosakanikirana womwe umatulutsidwa ndi wodwalayo panthawi ya opaleshoni.Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi nitrous oxide, mpweya woipa, mpweya, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane ndi mpweya wina etha.
Mpweya wotayirira wogonetsa ndi wowopsa kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zigawo za asidi otsika mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka pazida, kotero kuti mpweya wotsekemera umatulutsa mpweya ndi wodwalayo.
Iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa, kukonzedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi Anesthetic Gas Scavenging System ndikutulutsidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo.
Pakalipano, njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikuyamwa mpweya wotayira wogonetsa ndi activated carbon ndikuuwotcha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-16-2021