Nyali yopanda mthunzi

Nyali zopangira opaleshoni zopanda mthunzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira malo opangira opaleshoni kuti ayang'ane bwino zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zotsika kusiyana ndi kuya kosiyana ndi kuwongolera thupi.Popeza mutu, manja ndi zida za wogwiritsa ntchito zingayambitse mithunzi yosokoneza pamalo opangira opaleshoni, nyali ya opaleshoni yopanda mthunzi iyenera kupangidwa kuti ithetse mithunzi momwe mungathere ndikuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa mtundu.Kuonjezera apo, nyali yopanda mthunzi iyenera kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo asamve bwino ndikuwumitsa minofu m'dera la opaleshoni.

Nyali zopangira opaleshoni zopanda mthunzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zisoti za nyali imodzi kapena zingapo, zomwe zimakhazikika pa cantilever ndipo zimatha kuyenda molunjika kapena mozungulira.Cantilever nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira chokhazikika ndipo imatha kuzungulira mozungulira.Nyali yopanda mthunzi imagwiritsa ntchito chogwirira chosabala kapena hulu wosabala (njira yokhotakhota) pokhazikika, ndipo imakhala ndi mabuleki odziwikiratu ndikuyimitsa kuti ikhazikike.Imasunga malo oyenera pamalo opangira opaleshoniyo.Chipangizo chokhazikika cha nyali yopanda mthunzi chikhoza kuikidwa pamalo okhazikika padenga kapena pakhoma, komanso akhoza kuikidwa pamtunda wa denga.

Kwa nyali zopanda mthunzi zomwe zimayikidwa padenga, thiransifoma imodzi kapena zingapo ziyenera kuikidwa mu bokosi loyang'anira kutali padenga kapena khoma kuti atembenuzire magetsi olowetsa magetsi kukhala magetsi otsika omwe amafunidwa ndi mababu ambiri.Nyali zambiri zopanda mthunzi zimakhala ndi chowongolera, ndipo zinthu zina zimathanso kusintha mawonekedwe a kuwala kuti achepetse kuwala kozungulira malo opangira opaleshoni (zowunikira ndi zowunikira kuchokera pamasamba, zopyapyala kapena zida zimatha kupangitsa maso kukhala omasuka).

N’chifukwa chiyani nyale yopanda mthunziyo ilibe “mthunzi”?
Mithunzi imapangidwa ndi zinthu zowala zowala.Mithunzi ndi yosiyana kulikonse padziko lapansi.Ngati muyang'anitsitsa mthunzi pansi pa kuwala kwa magetsi, mudzapeza kuti pakati pa mthunziwo ndi mdima kwambiri, ndipo malo ozungulira ndi osaya pang'ono.Mbali yakuda kwambiri yomwe ili pakati pa mthunzi imatchedwa umbra, ndipo mbali yamdima yozungulira imatchedwa penumbra.Kuchitika kwa zochitika izi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa kuwala.Ngati muyika cylindrical tea caddy patebulo ndikuyatsa kandulo pambali pake, tiyiyo imapanga mthunzi wowoneka bwino.Ngati makandulo awiri amayatsidwa pafupi ndi chitini cha tiyi, mithunzi iwiri yolumikizana idzapangidwa.Mbali yodutsana ya mithunzi iwiriyo ilibe kuwala konse, ndipo ndi yakuda kotheratu.Uwu ndiye umbra;malo omwe pali kandulo kokha pafupi ndi umbra ndi theka lowala ndi theka lamdima.Mukayatsa makandulo atatu kapena anayi, umbra idzachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo penumbra idzakhala ndi zigawo zambiri.Zinthu zimatha kupanga mithunzi yopangidwa ndi umbra ndi penumbra pansi pa kuwala kwamagetsi, chomwe ndi chifukwa chake.Mwachiwonekere, malo okulirapo a chinthu chowala, ang'onoang'ono a umbra.Tikayatsa bwalo la makandulo mozungulira tiyi caddy, umbra imasowa kotheratu ndipo penumbra imakhala yofooka kwambiri kuti isawone.Asayansi anapanga nyali yopanda mthunzi yopangira opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe zili pamwambazi.Imakonza nyali zowala kwambiri kukhala mozungulira pagulu la nyali kuti apange gwero lalikulu la kuwala.Mwa njira iyi, kuwala kungathe kuwunikira pa tebulo la opaleshoni kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira kuti malo opangira opaleshoni ali ndi kuwala kokwanira, komanso samatulutsa umbra woonekera, choncho amatchedwa nyali yopanda mthunzi.